Tal como referi num artigo anterior, o Ubuntu tem como norma usar unicamente software livre. Assim, todos os programas que vêm instalados ou que estão incluidos nas listas do Synaptic são livres. Mas, como é óbvio, o Ubuntu também permite instalar software proprietário. Desta forma, este artigo, explica como ter acesso à vasta gama de software Linux para o novo Ubuntu Hardy Heron.
Para ter uma noção de repositórios, aconselha-se a visitar o artigo Activar os Repositórios do Ubuntu (deve ter a noção que este artigo tem os repositórios da distribuição anterior, que não funcionam nesta nova).
Portanto, para editar o ficheiro (sources.list) que inclui as listas dos repositórios, faça:
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
Depois, limpe todo o conteúdo e cole o seguinte:
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 8.04 _Hardy Heron_ - Release i386 (20080423)]/ hardy main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted
deb-src http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted
deb-src http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
## team.
deb http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy universe
deb-src http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy universe
deb http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates universe
deb-src http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy multiverse
deb-src http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy multiverse
deb http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates multiverse
deb-src http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'
## repository.
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
# deb http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository. This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is
## offered by Canonical and the respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu
## users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu hardy partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu hardy partner
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security multiverse
deb http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed restricted main multiverse universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security multiverse
Para utilizadores do Brasil, de forma à conexão ser mais rápida, devem utilizar estes, em vez dos anteriores:
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 8.04 _Hardy Heron_ - Release i386 (20080423)]/ hardy main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted
deb-src http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted
deb-src http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
## team.
deb http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy universe
deb-src http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy universe
deb http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates universe
deb-src http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy multiverse
deb-src http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy multiverse
deb http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates multiverse
deb-src http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'
## repository.
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
# deb http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository. This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is
## offered by Canonical and the respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu
## users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu hardy partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu hardy partner
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security multiverse
deb http://br.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed restricted main multiverse universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security multiverse
Depois de
Salvar o ficheiro e
fechar o programa, aconselho a adicionar também os repositórios
medibuntu, que inclui software que a distribuição não pode ter por motivos legais (não aplicáveis nem em Portugal nem no Brasil). Este repositório inclui pacotes como o Adobe Reader, Skype, Google Earth, e w32codecs e libdvdcss2 (2 pacotes com codecs suficientes para ver quase todos os conteúdos multimédia).
Assim, basta colar as duas linhas seguintes no terminal:
sudo wget http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/hardy.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install medibuntu-keyring && sudo apt-get update